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THE INDIA-RUBBER AND AND ELECTRICAL TRADES JOURNAL. VOL. IV., No. 2. SEPTEMBER 8, 1887. PRICE ONE SHILLING & SIXPENCE. OODSTTEIITTS. India-Rubber, Gulta-Percha and 'other^Insulating Materials .. Hamburg Rubber Exports .. Hot Boxes .. .. .. .. NOTES BY " QUIZ" Forster & Gregory, Limited Elastic "Web Trade of Leicester .. Origin and Progress of the India- Rubber Manufacture in England United States Rubber Statistics .. LEADING ARTICLE. — Euphorbia Gum .. .. .. • • NEW INVENTIONS, NOVELTIES, &C. A Waterproof Bonnet .. .. New Life-Saving Invention HOMES OF INDUSTRY. — Luke Turner & Co .. India-Rubber in Assam .. .. Merchandi.se Marks Act .. .. Tuck's Packing Factory .. .. NEW BOOKS, &C .. ELECTRICAL NOTES .. .. Caoutchouc-Yielding Plants .. The Shamrock File PAGE 25 28 28 29 30 31 33 35 37 38 39 39 39 40 41 42 42 43 44 46 New Companies .. , New Patent Law, &c. . BANKRUPTCIES, &c... , Executions by Electricity . ADVERTISEMENTS. Abbott, Anderson & Abbott Adkin, Thos., & Sons .. Armitage, Sir E., & Sons .. Arnott & Button .. .. Bailey, Wm., & Son .. Barnes, W. C., & Co. .. Barrow, Franklin .. .. Bartrum, Harvey & Co. .. Beldam Packing Company Birnbaum. B. .. .. Black, J. W Brown, W. L. C. .. .. Canfield Rubber Company Carless, Capel & Leonard.. *' Ceramyl" .. .. .. Clark, Sons & Co. ,. .. PAGE 46. Clayion Aniline Company PAGE xi. .. 47 Clouth, Franz .. .. .. 47 Cohen, B. .. .. .. . 48 Dukep, Bernhard .. .. Elrick & McPherson .. .. XVIU. Eschmann, Bros., & Walsh .. xiv. Fleming, David .. .. .. XX. Forster & Gregory .. ,, . vx. Frankenburg, Isidor ., .. ii., 48 .. XI. Frankenstein, P., & Sons .. . . XVIU. Frendenburg, F., & Co. .. .. XV. . xvin. Garnock, Bibby & Co. .. 111. .. xvii. Galloway, W. & J., & Sons .. 111. Glasgow. & Laing .. .. .. — Hancock, Jas. Lyne .. 32 .. vm. Hutchinson, A., & Co. .. .. XVII. Jesseman, W., & Co. .. .. VUL. . . XVI. Kindersley & Johnson .. . . XIX. . . IV. Laird & Alexander.. .. 0. XIV. Ledger, Wm... .. .. . . XIV. .. V. Liverpool Rubber Company .. vm. . . XVIU. Loewenthal & Morganstern .. xvi. .. 48 Manders, Albert S., & Co... Mandleberg, J., & Co. .. .. 48 .. vm. Markus Harris .. .. PAGE vi. Meldrum, D. M., & Co. .. •• Mills, John iv. Moselcy, David, & Sons •. .. 36 Nichols, John .. .. .. xiv. North British Rubber Company .. x. Patent Door Buffer Company .. xvii. Pirelli & Co .. .. v. Reddaway, F., & Co. . . • xix. Robinson. Jos., & Co. .. .. xv. Rossendale Belting Company .. xvi. Rowley, Thos., & Co. .. .. vi. Rothwell, John .. .. ix. Shaw, Francis .. .. xii. Smith, Alfred xii. Smith, John .. .. .. .. xii. Thompson, Samuel.. .. ». xiv. Tomey & Sons .. .. .. xii. Tuck & Co. .. .. .. XX. Typke & King .. .. .. x. Victoria Rubber Company .. x. Warne, Wm., & Co. .. .. i. Wertheim, Louis .. .. v. Worth, T., & Co. .. .. iii. [Where the numerals are omitted the advertisment does not appear in this issue.] INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND OTHER INSULATING MATERIALS COMPARED. | H E v a s t d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e l e g r a p h s , telephones, and electric lighting has necessarily brought to the front the important question of efficient insulation. Our able contemporary, the Telegraphic Journal and Electrical Review is of opinion that the subject has been somewhat neglected, and that poor insulation has been the cause of some notorious failures in electric lighting. Accordingly in three recent numbers of the journal just mentioned, the matter is very exhaustively treated, and the merits and demerits of all the materials ordinarily used as insulators are fully set forth. The entire article (or rather series of articles) is well worth perusal by all connected with the manufacture of telegraph lines or lighting leads, but we shall here briefly summarise the conclusions arrived at with reference to the various insulating substances treated of. , After alluding to the fact that almost every conceivable substance, vegetable and mineral, has been made use of by inventors in the hunt after something cheap and at the same time efficient, our contemporary remarks :— The yearly increasing cost of India-rubber and gutta-percha has had the effect of giving a great stimulus to the manufacture of compositions, endless in number, and infinite as to the variety of materials employed. It is not too severe a verdict to condemn the majority of these compounds as valueless. Many of them certainly give a very high insulation directly after manufacture, and when first laid down. These tests are, however, pre-eminently fallacious, for the leads have not undergone the vicissitudes which surely await them in their subterranean or overhead life. They have as yet experienced no sudden or severe changes from heat to cold, from wet to dry ; they have been subject to no rough handling, to no bending or twisting, to no removal and replacing, to no blows or heavy pressures. These are frequently the conditions, in no way exaggerated, to which electric light leads are exposed, and under which the mechanical qualities of the compositions above referred to are found to be totally inefficient. Good insulation and mechanical perfectness are not, however, the only points to be considered in the selection of a material. Although electrostatic capacity with regard to its retarding influence upon currents has been frequently referred to in connection with underground electric lighting leads, its effect is generally admitted to be inappreciable, for the reason that the lengths of circuits dealt with in electric light installations are comparatively short. This reason is so sufficient that even in the employment of alternating machines where rapid and successive changes of current take place, the question might almost be summarily dismissed from consideration where ordinary lengths of conductor are deaft with. The quality which the insulating substance possesses of allowing some portion of the heat generated in the wire to be conducted to the surface, and there dissipated into the surrounding air, without prejudicing the insulation, is a most important matter, but unfortunately experiments have as yet been insufficient in providing the data necessary to enable us to speak with any decided opinion on the subject, or if such experiments have been carried out to any practical extent, the results, with one or two exceptions, have not, so far as we can call to mind, been made public. We shall, consequently, limit our remarks to the consideration of insulation and mechanical qualities, and we would here point out that while insisting on the necessity of good insulation, the mechanical attributes of the materials to be employed are of much greater importance. In America, where electric lighting is far more extensively made use of than in this country, there seems to be a correspondingly greater
Object Description
Title | India Rubber and Gutta Percha and Electrical Trades Journal. Vol. 4, no. 2 (Sept. 8, 1887) |
Description | A record of the caoutchouc, gutta percha, asbestos, and allied industries |
Publisher | Tottenham & Barking |
Date | 1887-09-08 |
Subject |
Rubber industry and trade--Periodicals Asbestos--Periodicals |
Type | Text |
Format | Periodicals |
Identifier | September08-1887.pdf |
Publisher-Digital | University of Akron. University Libraries |
Date-Digitized | 2015 |
Format-Extent | 24 pages |
Collection Descriptor | India Rubber Journal |
UA College | University Libraries |
UA Department | Science and Technology Library |
Website | http://www.uakron.edu/libraries/ |
Contact Information | Science Reference Desk: 330-972-7195 |
Description
Title | September08-1887 25 |
transcript | THE INDIA-RUBBER AND AND ELECTRICAL TRADES JOURNAL. VOL. IV., No. 2. SEPTEMBER 8, 1887. PRICE ONE SHILLING & SIXPENCE. OODSTTEIITTS. India-Rubber, Gulta-Percha and 'other^Insulating Materials .. Hamburg Rubber Exports .. Hot Boxes .. .. .. .. NOTES BY " QUIZ" Forster & Gregory, Limited Elastic "Web Trade of Leicester .. Origin and Progress of the India- Rubber Manufacture in England United States Rubber Statistics .. LEADING ARTICLE. — Euphorbia Gum .. .. .. • • NEW INVENTIONS, NOVELTIES, &C. A Waterproof Bonnet .. .. New Life-Saving Invention HOMES OF INDUSTRY. — Luke Turner & Co .. India-Rubber in Assam .. .. Merchandi.se Marks Act .. .. Tuck's Packing Factory .. .. NEW BOOKS, &C .. ELECTRICAL NOTES .. .. Caoutchouc-Yielding Plants .. The Shamrock File PAGE 25 28 28 29 30 31 33 35 37 38 39 39 39 40 41 42 42 43 44 46 New Companies .. , New Patent Law, &c. . BANKRUPTCIES, &c... , Executions by Electricity . ADVERTISEMENTS. Abbott, Anderson & Abbott Adkin, Thos., & Sons .. Armitage, Sir E., & Sons .. Arnott & Button .. .. Bailey, Wm., & Son .. Barnes, W. C., & Co. .. Barrow, Franklin .. .. Bartrum, Harvey & Co. .. Beldam Packing Company Birnbaum. B. .. .. Black, J. W Brown, W. L. C. .. .. Canfield Rubber Company Carless, Capel & Leonard.. *' Ceramyl" .. .. .. Clark, Sons & Co. ,. .. PAGE 46. Clayion Aniline Company PAGE xi. .. 47 Clouth, Franz .. .. .. 47 Cohen, B. .. .. .. . 48 Dukep, Bernhard .. .. Elrick & McPherson .. .. XVIU. Eschmann, Bros., & Walsh .. xiv. Fleming, David .. .. .. XX. Forster & Gregory .. ,, . vx. Frankenburg, Isidor ., .. ii., 48 .. XI. Frankenstein, P., & Sons .. . . XVIU. Frendenburg, F., & Co. .. .. XV. . xvin. Garnock, Bibby & Co. .. 111. .. xvii. Galloway, W. & J., & Sons .. 111. Glasgow. & Laing .. .. .. — Hancock, Jas. Lyne .. 32 .. vm. Hutchinson, A., & Co. .. .. XVII. Jesseman, W., & Co. .. .. VUL. . . XVI. Kindersley & Johnson .. . . XIX. . . IV. Laird & Alexander.. .. 0. XIV. Ledger, Wm... .. .. . . XIV. .. V. Liverpool Rubber Company .. vm. . . XVIU. Loewenthal & Morganstern .. xvi. .. 48 Manders, Albert S., & Co... Mandleberg, J., & Co. .. .. 48 .. vm. Markus Harris .. .. PAGE vi. Meldrum, D. M., & Co. .. •• Mills, John iv. Moselcy, David, & Sons •. .. 36 Nichols, John .. .. .. xiv. North British Rubber Company .. x. Patent Door Buffer Company .. xvii. Pirelli & Co .. .. v. Reddaway, F., & Co. . . • xix. Robinson. Jos., & Co. .. .. xv. Rossendale Belting Company .. xvi. Rowley, Thos., & Co. .. .. vi. Rothwell, John .. .. ix. Shaw, Francis .. .. xii. Smith, Alfred xii. Smith, John .. .. .. .. xii. Thompson, Samuel.. .. ». xiv. Tomey & Sons .. .. .. xii. Tuck & Co. .. .. .. XX. Typke & King .. .. .. x. Victoria Rubber Company .. x. Warne, Wm., & Co. .. .. i. Wertheim, Louis .. .. v. Worth, T., & Co. .. .. iii. [Where the numerals are omitted the advertisment does not appear in this issue.] INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND OTHER INSULATING MATERIALS COMPARED. | H E v a s t d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e l e g r a p h s , telephones, and electric lighting has necessarily brought to the front the important question of efficient insulation. Our able contemporary, the Telegraphic Journal and Electrical Review is of opinion that the subject has been somewhat neglected, and that poor insulation has been the cause of some notorious failures in electric lighting. Accordingly in three recent numbers of the journal just mentioned, the matter is very exhaustively treated, and the merits and demerits of all the materials ordinarily used as insulators are fully set forth. The entire article (or rather series of articles) is well worth perusal by all connected with the manufacture of telegraph lines or lighting leads, but we shall here briefly summarise the conclusions arrived at with reference to the various insulating substances treated of. , After alluding to the fact that almost every conceivable substance, vegetable and mineral, has been made use of by inventors in the hunt after something cheap and at the same time efficient, our contemporary remarks :— The yearly increasing cost of India-rubber and gutta-percha has had the effect of giving a great stimulus to the manufacture of compositions, endless in number, and infinite as to the variety of materials employed. It is not too severe a verdict to condemn the majority of these compounds as valueless. Many of them certainly give a very high insulation directly after manufacture, and when first laid down. These tests are, however, pre-eminently fallacious, for the leads have not undergone the vicissitudes which surely await them in their subterranean or overhead life. They have as yet experienced no sudden or severe changes from heat to cold, from wet to dry ; they have been subject to no rough handling, to no bending or twisting, to no removal and replacing, to no blows or heavy pressures. These are frequently the conditions, in no way exaggerated, to which electric light leads are exposed, and under which the mechanical qualities of the compositions above referred to are found to be totally inefficient. Good insulation and mechanical perfectness are not, however, the only points to be considered in the selection of a material. Although electrostatic capacity with regard to its retarding influence upon currents has been frequently referred to in connection with underground electric lighting leads, its effect is generally admitted to be inappreciable, for the reason that the lengths of circuits dealt with in electric light installations are comparatively short. This reason is so sufficient that even in the employment of alternating machines where rapid and successive changes of current take place, the question might almost be summarily dismissed from consideration where ordinary lengths of conductor are deaft with. The quality which the insulating substance possesses of allowing some portion of the heat generated in the wire to be conducted to the surface, and there dissipated into the surrounding air, without prejudicing the insulation, is a most important matter, but unfortunately experiments have as yet been insufficient in providing the data necessary to enable us to speak with any decided opinion on the subject, or if such experiments have been carried out to any practical extent, the results, with one or two exceptions, have not, so far as we can call to mind, been made public. We shall, consequently, limit our remarks to the consideration of insulation and mechanical qualities, and we would here point out that while insisting on the necessity of good insulation, the mechanical attributes of the materials to be employed are of much greater importance. In America, where electric lighting is far more extensively made use of than in this country, there seems to be a correspondingly greater |